| London Borough of Newham | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — London borough — | |||
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| Newham shown within Greater London | |||
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
| Constituent country | England | ||
| Region | London | ||
| Ceremonial county | Greater London | ||
| Status | London borough | ||
| Admin HQ | East Ham | ||
| Incorporated | 1 April 1965 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | London borough council | ||
| • Body | Newham London Borough Council | ||
| • Leadership | Mayor & Cabinet (Labour) | ||
| • Executive mayor | Sir Robin Wales | ||
| • MPs | Lyn Brown Stephen Timms |
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| • London Assembly | John Biggs AM for City and East | ||
| • EU Parliament | London | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 14 sq mi (36.22 km2) | ||
| Area rank | 298th (of 326) | ||
| Population (2010 est.) | |||
| • Total | 240,100 | ||
| • Rank | 55th (of 326) | ||
| • Density | 17,168.9/sq mi (6,628.9/km2) | ||
| • Ethnicity[1] | 32.6% White British 1.1% White Irish 5.4% Other White 1.2% White & Black Caribbean 0.8% White & Black African 0.8% White & Asian 0.9% Other Mixed 12.1% Indian 8.7% Pakistani 9.0% Bangladeshi 12.7% Other Asian 6.7% Black Caribbean 12.7% Black African 1.1% Other Black 1.4% Chinese 2.4% Other |
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| Time zone | GMT (UTC0) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | BST (UTC+1) | ||
| Postcodes | E | ||
| Police force | Metropolitan Police | ||
| Website | www.newham.gov.uk | ||
The London Borough of Newham i/ˈnjuːəm/ is a London borough formed from the towns of West Ham and East Ham, within East London.
It is situated 5 miles (8 km) east of the City of London, and is north of the River Thames. According to 2006 estimates, Newham has one of the highest ethnic minority populations of all the districts in the country, with no particular ethnic group dominating. The local authority is Newham London Borough Council, the second most deprived in England[2].
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The borough was formed by merging the former area of the Essex county borough of East Ham and the county borough of West Ham as a borough of the newly formed Greater London, on 1 April 1965. Green Street marks the former boundary between the two. North Woolwich also became part of the borough (previously being in the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich, in the County of London) along with a small area west of the River Roding which had previously been part of the Municipal Borough of Barking. Newham was devised for the borough as an entirely new name.[3]
Unlike most English districts, its council is led by a directly elected mayor of Newham. From 2002 to 2009 one of the councillors had been appointed as the "civic ambassador" and performed the civic and ceremonial role previously carried out by the mayor. The post was discontinued.[4]
Although statistically counted as part of Inner London, the borough is still considered part of Outer London for purposes such as funding. This is because the majority of Newham was not part of the 1889-1965 County of London. However, much of the borough has historically formed part of London's built-up area and economically it is one of the more deprived districts. The council is actively campaigning to have Newham officially considered part of Inner London for all purposes in order to increase its level of government grant by £60 million. Newham is a challenging borough in a number of ways and currently has the second lowest recycling rate in the United Kingdom.[5]
At the borough elections held on 6 May 2010 the Labour Party won all 60 of the seats on the Council. Sir Robin Wales was re-elected as the borough's Executive Mayor with 68% of the first preference votes cast.
| Population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1801 | 8,875 | — |
| 1811 | 11,166 | +25.8% |
| 1821 | 13,005 | +16.5% |
| 1831 | 15,553 | +19.6% |
| 1841 | 17,758 | +14.2% |
| 1851 | 24,875 | +40.1% |
| 1861 | 69,355 | +178.8% |
| 1871 | 113,835 | +64.1% |
| 1881 | 158,314 | +39.1% |
| 1891 | 259,155 | +63.7% |
| 1901 | 338,506 | +30.6% |
| 1911 | 442,158 | +30.6% |
| 1921 | 448,081 | +1.3% |
| 1931 | 454,096 | +1.3% |
| 1941 | 377,508 | −16.9% |
| 1951 | 313,837 | −16.9% |
| 1961 | 271,858 | −13.4% |
| 1971 | 235,496 | −13.4% |
| 1981 | 209,131 | −11.2% |
| 1991 | 221,146 | +5.7% |
| 2001 | 243,737 | +10.2% |
| Source: A Vision of Britain through time, citing Census population | ||
Newham has the highest young population and one of the lowest White British populations in the country according to the 2001 Census. The borough has the second highest percentage of Muslims in Britain (24.3%).
When using Simpson's Diversity Index on 10 aggregated ethnic groups, the 2001 census identified Newham as the most ethnically diverse district in England and Wales, with 9 wards in the top 15.[6] However, when using the 16 ethnic categories in the Census so that White Irish and White Other ethnic minorities are also included in the analysis, Newham becomes the 2nd most ethnically diverse borough[7] with 6 out of the top 15 wards, behind Brent with 7 out of the top 15 wards.
The main ethnic groups are whites and Asians. Based on 2006 estimates by the Office for National Statistics, over 39% of the population is white, of which 32.6% are British, 1.1% are Irish, and 5% are from other white backgrounds. Approximately 38% of the population is Asian, of which 10.2% are Indian, 7% are Bangladeshi, 13.9% are Pakistani, and 5.1% are from other Asian backgrounds. Approximately 20% of the population is black, of which 6.5% are Caribbean, 12.4% are African, and 1.1% are from other black backgrounds. In addition, 1.6% of the population is Chinese, and 2.6% are from other ethnic groups.[8] Newham has the highest fertility rate in the country at 2.87, as of 2009, compared to the national average of 1.95.[9]
The Borough is the education authority for the district providing education in a mix of Foundation, community and voluntary aided schools.[10] The borough also owns and operates Debden House, a residential adult education college in Loughton, Essex. The Essex Primary School in Sheridan Road with over 900 pupils is one of the biggest primary schools in London.
The University of East London has two campuses in Newham:
Birkbeck Stratford is a collaboration between Birkbeck, University of London and UEL to increase participation in adult learning. This is currently based on the UEL Stratford campus, but is planned to move to its own facilities.
The University of East London has formed a partnership with the United States Olympic Committee which will result in the United States Olympic Team using University of East London campuses as training bases during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.[11]
Newham has ten libraries (Beckton, Canning Town, Custom House, East Ham, Green Street, Manor Park, North Woolwich, Plaistow, Stratford and Forest Gate) and a mobile library.
Canning Town Library was first opened in 1893 and still operates in the original building on Barking Road (albeit with repairs and a reconstructed interior following damage from air raids in 1940 and 1941). Its opening hours are Monday, Tuesday and Saturday: 9:30am–5:30pm, Wednesday and Sunday: Closed, Thursday-Friday: 7:00am–6:00pm.[12]
There are a number of local markets in the Borough, including Queens Market, which the Council is controversially seeking to redevelop. These proposals are being fought by Friends of Queens Market.
80 hectares within the borough are designated as part of the Metropolitan Green Belt.
The local newspaper is the Newham Recorder[14] and is edited by Colin Grainger.
Transport in Newham is undergoing a major upgrade, with the completed Docklands Light Railway and Jubilee Line Extension, with new or improved stations at Canning Town, West Ham and Stratford. Stratford International station on High Speed 1 opened in late 2009. The Crossrail scheme will also improve rail connections to several stations in the borough. The Docklands Light Railway was extended to serve London City Airport.
London Buses routes 5, 25, 58, 69, 86, 101, 104, 108, 115, 147, 158, 173, 238, 241, 257, 262, 276, 300, 308, 309, 323, 325, 330, 366, 376, 425, 473, 474, 488, D8, W19, School buses route 678 and Night route N8, N15, N86, N550 and N551.
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